Laminitis In Donkeys: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment

Laminitis, commonly known as founder, is a serious condition in donkeys that affects the sensitive laminae within the hooves, causing inflammation and potential damage to the hoof structure. It can arise from various causes, including excessive intake of sugary or starchy foods, hormonal imbalances, obesity, and poor hoof care. Laminitis manifests with clinical signs like lameness, shifting weight, reluctance to move, and pain upon hoof pressure. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimize tissue damage and improve prognosis, which involves addressing the underlying cause, pain management, and supportive hoof care. Prevention strategies include maintaining a balanced diet, providing regular hoof trimming, and promoting exercise to control body weight and overall donkey health.

Navigating the Perplexing World of Laminitis in Donkeys

I. Unraveling the Enigma of Laminitis

• Defining the Silent Threat: Laminitis, a stealthy condition that affects the sensitive tissues within the hoof, emerges as a major health concern for donkeys. It disrupts the delicate balance between the bone and hoof capsule, setting the stage for a cascade of discomfort and potential complications.
• Unmasking its Cousins: Laminitis often goes hand in hand with other hoof-related conditions, such as founder and road founder. Understanding these relationships is crucial for managing and preventing laminitis.

Founder: The Plight of Diseased Hooves

• Founder, a more severe form of laminitis, arises from an inflammation of the soft structures within the hoof. The underlying lamellae become weakened, allowing the coffin bone to rotate downward and penetrate the sole.
• Sadly, founder can lead to permanent hoof deformities, significantly impairing mobility and quality of life for affected donkeys.

Road Founder: A Journey’s Burden

• Road founder, a condition sometimes associated with long-distance travel, occurs when the sensitive sole of the hoof becomes inflamed due to repeated pounding on hard surfaces.
• Prevention is key in mitigating road founder, necessitating appropriate hoof protection and planned rest breaks during extended journeys.

Understanding Laminitis in Donkeys: A Guide for Concerned Owners

Laminitis, a debilitating condition for donkeys, is an inflammation of the sensitive tissues within the hooves. This delicate structure, also known as the laminae, connects the hoof wall to the coffin bone and plays a crucial role in supporting your donkey’s weight. When laminitis sets in, these tissues become inflamed, causing severe pain and discomfort.

Understanding the origins of laminitis is the key to preventing and managing this crippling ailment. While the exact mechanisms are not fully elucidated, certain factors are strongly linked to its onset. These include:

• Excessive weight: Obese donkeys are more prone to laminitis as their overweight puts additional stress on the hooves.

• Improper nutrition: Sudden dietary changes, high-sugar feeds, and a lack of fiber can disrupt the delicate balance within the hoof, leading to inflammation.

• Metabolic disorders: Certain underlying health conditions, such as Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) or Cushing’s disease, can predispose donkeys to laminitis.

Understanding these risk factors is paramount in protecting your beloved companion from the agony of laminitis. By maintaining a healthy weight, providing a balanced diet, and addressing any underlying health issues, you can help prevent this debilitating condition from affecting your donkey.

Recognizing and Diagnosing Laminitis

2. Causes and Risk Factors:

Laminitis, a debilitating condition that affects the hooves of donkeys, is often triggered by a complex interplay of factors. Understanding the underlying causes is crucial for effective prevention and management.

Metabolic Imbalances: Laminitis can result from a sudden surge in levels of glucose in the blood, causing inflammation in the laminae. This inflammation can disrupt the bond between the hoof wall and the sensitive laminae, leading to the rotation and sinking of the coffin bone.

Overweight and Obesity: Excess weight places undue stress on the hooves, increasing the risk of inflammation and damage to the laminae. Obesity can also lead to insulin resistance, contributing to metabolic imbalances and laminitis.

Dietary Imbalances: Sudden changes in diet, especially consumption of high-sugar feeds, can trigger laminitis. Excess sugar intake can disrupt normal glucose metabolism, leading to laminae damage.

Environmental Factors: Exposure to cold and wet conditions can constrict blood vessels in the hooves, reducing blood flow. This can deprive tissues of oxygen and nutrients, contributing to laminitis.

Infections: Some infections, such as Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus (SEZ), can release toxins that damage the laminae, leading to laminitis.

Other Conditions: Endocrine disorders, such as Cushing’s disease, and certain drugs, such as corticosteroids, can also increase the risk of laminitis.

Understanding Laminitis in Donkeys: Causes and Risk Factors

Laminitis, a debilitating condition that affects donkeys’ hooves, can be a grave concern for donkey owners. Understanding its causes is pivotal in preventing and managing this ailment. One underlying factor that can trigger laminitis is overweight and obesity. Donkeys that carry excessive weight put undue stress on their hooves, compromising their integrity and making them prone to inflammation. Another risk factor is metabolic imbalances. Conditions like equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) disrupt glucose and insulin metabolism, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. This excess sugar can accumulate in the hooves, damaging the sensitive laminae that connect the hoof wall to the coffin bone.

Rapid changes in diet can also contribute to laminitis. Donkeys adapted to grazing gradually over thousands of years. When their diets are abruptly altered, particularly with high-carbohydrate feeds like grain or lush pasture, it can shock their digestive systems. This sudden influx of sugar can trigger hormonal changes that promote laminitis development. Additionally, laminitis can occur secondary to other health issues. Severe infections, colic, and certain medications can trigger a cascade of events that damage the hoof tissue.

Mechanical stresses can also play a role. Excessive exercise or standing on hard surfaces for prolonged periods can put excessive pressure on the hooves. Poor hoof conformation, such as weak frogs or thin soles, can further increase the risk of laminitis. Identifying and addressing these underlying causes is crucial in preventing and effectively managing this condition in donkeys. By understanding these risk factors, donkey owners can take proactive measures to safeguard the health and well-being of their beloved companions.

Recognizing Laminitis in Donkeys: A Comprehensive Guide to Identifying the Telltale Signs

Laminitis, a debilitating condition that affects donkeys, is often overlooked or misdiagnosed in its early stages. Identifying the clinical signs of laminitis promptly is crucial for effective treatment and preventing long-term complications. This comprehensive guide will delve into the telltale symptoms that signal the onset of laminitis in donkeys.

1. Reluctance to Move and Abnormal Gait

Donkeys suffering from laminitis exhibit a marked unwillingness to move. This reluctance stems from the excruciating pain and increased sensitivity in their hooves. When forced to walk, they display an abnormal gait, characterized by short, stilted steps and a reluctance to bear weight on their forelimbs. Observe your donkey’s movements closely to detect any unusual gait patterns that may be indicative of laminitis.

2. Pain and Hypersensitivity

Pain is the primary clinical sign associated with laminitis. Donkeys with laminitis exhibit hypersensitivity in their hooves, making them highly reactive to touch or pressure. They may flinch, scream, or even refuse to have their hooves handled. If your donkey reacts excessively to hoof manipulation, it is essential to suspect laminitis and seek veterinary attention immediately.

3. Changes in Hoof Shape and Stance

As laminitis progresses, the hoof wall may begin to distort and the sole becomes more concave. This abnormal shape is accompanied by a characteristic “rocking” stance, where the donkey shifts its weight from one foot to another to alleviate the pressure on its painful hooves. The feet may also appear wider or have a splayed-out appearance.

4. Heat and Digital Pulses

Inflammation associated with laminitis often results in an increase in hoof temperature. Feel your donkey’s hooves to detect any abnormal warmth, especially around the coronary band. Additionally, digital pulses in the hooves may become stronger and more palpable due to increased blood flow to the affected area.

5. Recumbency and Depression

In severe cases of laminitis, the pain and discomfort may become overwhelming, causing donkeys to lie down for prolonged periods. They may also display signs of depression, such as decreased appetite and a dull demeanor. Early detection and prompt veterinary intervention are essential to prevent the progression of laminitis and its associated complications.

Recognizing Laminitis: Common Symptoms

Laminitis, an inflammatory condition affecting the sensitive tissues within the hooves of donkeys, can manifest through a range of telltale signs. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for early detection and prompt treatment.

One of the most noticeable indications is abnormal posture. Afflicted donkeys may stand with their weight shifted forward onto their heels, attempting to alleviate pressure on their sore feet. They may also exhibit a stilted, jerky gait, taking short, hesitant steps to minimize pain.

Increased sensitivity to touch is another common symptom. The hooves of affected donkeys become tender and painful, and they may react with discomfort when pressure is applied to the soles or frogs. This sensitivity can even extend to the coronary bands, the area where the hooves meet the skin.

In severe cases, rotation of the hooves can occur as the laminae (tissue layers connecting the hooves to the bone) become weakened and stretched. This misalignment can cause the hooves to sink and take on an abnormal shape.

Other indicators may include:

• Heat and swelling in the hooves
• Pulse in the digital arteries (arteries located in the lower limbs)
• Grinding of teeth due to pain
• Depression and loss of appetite

If you notice any of these symptoms in your donkey, it’s imperative to seek veterinary attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving the chances of a favorable outcome.

Diagnostic Methods: Unraveling the Laminitis Enigma

Confirming the Presence of Laminitis: A Multifaceted Approach

Diagnosing laminitis involves a thorough examination of your donkey’s clinical signs and a meticulous evaluation using various tools and techniques. Veterinarians employ a comprehensive approach to rule out other potential causes and establish an accurate diagnosis.

Physical Examination: A Hands-On Assessment

The first step is a physical examination, where your veterinarian will carefully assess your donkey’s hooves and gait. Tenderness, heat, and pulsations in the hooves are telltale signs of laminitis. They will also check for creaking sounds when the hooves are squeezed, indicating a separation of the hoof wall from the underlying tissues.

Radiographs: Capturing Internal Details

Radiographs, or X-rays, provide valuable insights into the extent and severity of laminitis. These images allow veterinarians to visualize the bones within the hooves and identify any rotation or sinking of the coffin bone. They can also reveal changes in the hoof wall thickness, a key indicator of disrupted blood flow to the sensitive laminae.

Ultrasound: A Deeper Look

Ultrasound technology offers a non-invasive method to examine the soft tissues of the hooves. Veterinarians use ultrasound to assess the thickness of the sensitive laminae, inflammatory changes, and fluid accumulation within the hoof. This information helps them gauge the severity of the condition and track its progression.

Biopsy: Exploring Microscopic Clues

In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to definitively confirm a diagnosis of laminitis. A small sample of tissue from the affected hoof is collected and examined under a microscope to identify abnormal changes in the laminae, ruling out other potential causes.

Comprehensive Collaboration for Accurate Diagnosis

By combining these diagnostic methods, veterinarians can accurately identify laminitis in donkeys and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Early diagnosis is crucial for minimizing the severity of the condition and improving the chances of a successful recovery.

Diagnosing Laminitis in Donkeys

Once you suspect your donkey may have laminitis, it’s crucial to consult a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis. Here are the tools and techniques they’ll use to confirm laminitis:

Physical Examination:

• Palpation: The vet will gently press on the donkey’s hooves to check for heat, sensitivity, and pain, which indicate inflammation.
• Sole Tester: This device applies pressure to the soles of the hooves, helping detect pain and tenderness.

Diagnostic Imaging:

• Radiographs (X-rays): X-rays reveal the internal structures of the hooves, including the coffin bone, which may show signs of rotation or sinking.
• Ultrasound: This imaging technique uses sound waves to visualize the soft tissues within the hooves, including the laminae. It can detect inflammation and damage.

Bloodwork:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): A CBC can indicate inflammation and infection.
• Biochemical Analysis: This tests for abnormal blood sugar, liver function, and other factors that may contribute to laminitis.

Other Tests:

• Hoof Biopsy: In severe cases, a veterinary pathologist may perform a biopsy to examine the diseased tissue and confirm the diagnosis.
• Thermography: This technique uses infrared imaging to detect heat and inflammation in the hooves.

Treatment Options for Laminitis in Donkeys

Laminitis, a debilitating condition for donkeys, requires prompt and multifaceted treatment to alleviate pain and improve outcomes. Veterinary professionals play a crucial role in guiding treatment plans that address the underlying causes and mitigate the damaging effects of laminitis.

Pharmacological Interventions:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications, such as phenylbutazone, provide pain relief and reduce inflammation.
• Antibiotics: If an infection is suspected as the cause of laminitis, broad-spectrum antibiotics may be prescribed to combat bacterial invasion.
• Vasodilators: Medications like pentoxifylline and butaprost improve blood flow to the hooves, promoting healing and reducing tissue damage.

Supportive Care:

• Rest and Confinement: Affected donkeys must be provided with a well-padded stall and limited movement to minimize pressure on the hooves.
• Soaking in Anti-Inflammatory Solutions: Soaking infected hooves in warm water infused with Epsom salts or antiseptic solutions helps reduce inflammation and promote healing.
• Cold Therapy: Applying ice packs to the hooves provides pain relief and reduces swelling.
• Nutritional Support: Providing a low-sugar, high-fiber diet is essential to maintain healthy blood glucose levels and prevent further insulin resistance.

Surgical Interventions:

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to address complications such as abscess formation or rotation of the coffin bone. Laminectomy, a procedure that removes damaged tissue from the hoof, may also be performed to relieve pressure and promote healing.

Alternative Therapies:

Some alternative therapies, such as acupuncture and homeopathy, have shown promising results in managing laminitis pain and improving hoof health. However, these therapies should be used in conjunction with conventional treatment and under the guidance of a veterinarian.

Treating Laminitis in Donkeys: Exploring the Available Options

Dealing with laminitis in your beloved donkey can be a daunting task. However, understanding the treatment options available will empower you to provide the best possible care for your animal. Taking a proactive approach can improve your donkey’s chances of recovery and prevent long-term complications.

Veterinary Intervention: Immediate Steps

Upon suspecting laminitis, it’s crucial to seek immediate veterinary attention. Your veterinarian will conduct a thorough examination and determine the severity of the condition. Depending on the assessment, they may administer pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, and antibiotics to combat infection. If the laminitis is severe, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the hooves.

Corrective Farriery: Relieving Hoof Stress

Specialized farriery plays a vital role in treating laminitis. Your veterinarian will recommend a skilled farrier who can trim and shape the donkey’s hooves to redistribute weight and reduce stress on the affected areas. Special shoes or pads may be used to provide additional support and protection. Regular farrier visits are essential to monitor the hooves’ progress and make adjustments as needed.

Nutritional Management: Supporting Overall Health

Horses and donkeys are highly dependent on their diet for overall health. During treatment for laminitis, it’s imperative to provide a balanced, low-sugar diet. Restricting access to sugary treats and grass is crucial. Instead, focus on feeding hay, low-starch pelleted feeds, and supplements as recommended by your veterinarian.

Weight Management: Reducing the Load

Obesity is a major risk factor for laminitis. If your donkey is overweight, reducing their weight will significantly improve their chances of recovery. Gradual exercise and a calorie-controlled diet, in consultation with your veterinarian, can help shed excess weight and ease the strain on their hooves.

Environmental Modifications: Creating a Supportive Space

Providing a comfortable environment is essential for a donkey with laminitis. Keep their stall dry and clean, using deep bedding to cushion their hooves. Avoid slippery surfaces, as they can increase the risk of falls and further injury. Consider using a soft-ground pasture for turnout, if possible.

By implementing these treatment options, you can provide comprehensive care for your donkey with laminitis. Remember to closely monitor their condition and seek veterinary advice regularly. Early intervention and diligent management will increase the likelihood of a successful recovery and prevent long-term complications.

Prognosis and Outcome of Laminitis in Donkeys

Understanding the potential outcomes of laminitis in donkeys is crucial for owners and caregivers. The prognosis and outcome of this debilitating condition depend on several factors, including the severity of the laminitis, the underlying cause, and the timeliness and effectiveness of treatment.

Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are essential for improving the chances of a favorable outcome. If the laminitis is mild and caught in its early stages, recovery is possible with proper management. However, if the laminitis is severe, it can lead to permanent damage to the hoof structures, resulting in chronic lameness and disability.

The underlying cause of laminitis also influences the prognosis. Endotoxemic laminitis, which is caused by bacterial infection, often has a poorer prognosis than alimentary laminitis, which is caused by excessive carbohydrate intake. This is because endotoxemia can lead to systemic inflammation and damage throughout the body, including the hooves.

The duration of laminitis is another important prognostic factor. Laminitis that persists for more than 24 hours is more likely to result in permanent damage. This is because the longer the laminae are inflamed, the more they are separated from the hoof wall, weakening the structural integrity of the hoof.

Factors Affecting Prognosis

• Severity of laminitis
• Underlying cause
• Duration of laminitis
• Age of the donkey
• Overall health of the donkey

The prognosis for donkeys with laminitis can vary widely depending on the factors discussed above. Early diagnosis, aggressive treatment, and proper management are essential for improving the chances of a favorable outcome. Owners and caregivers should be aware of the potential risks and complications associated with laminitis and seek veterinary attention promptly if any symptoms are observed.

Prognosis and Outcome of Laminitis in Donkeys

Laminitis can have a range of potential outcomes, from mild to life-threatening. The prognosis for a donkey with laminitis depends on several factors, including the severity of the condition, the underlying cause, and the animal’s overall health.

Severity of the Condition

The severity of laminitis is assessed based on the degree of damage to the laminae. Mild cases may cause only minor lameness and discomfort, while severe cases can lead to displacement of the coffin bone and permanent disability.

Underlying Cause

The underlying cause of laminitis also influences the prognosis. Endocrinopathic laminitis, caused by hormonal imbalances, is generally more severe and resistant to treatment than laminitis caused by other factors, such as obesity or metabolic disorders.

Overall Health of the Donkey

The donkey’s overall health and age can also affect the outcome of laminitis. Young, healthy donkeys typically have a better prognosis than older or immunocompromised animals.

Managing Laminitis and Improving Prognosis

Proper and timely treatment is essential for improving the prognosis of donkeys with laminitis. This may involve:

• Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and inflammation
• Supportive care, such as rest, hoof support, and dietary management
• Addressing the underlying cause if possible, such as treating hormonal imbalances or metabolic disorders

With appropriate management, donkeys with laminitis can often recover and prevent long-term complications. Regular monitoring and adherence to treatment plans are crucial for a successful outcome.

Nutritional Management: A Key Factor in Preventing Laminitis

Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy hooves and preventing laminitis. Here are some important nutritional considerations to keep in mind:

1. Avoiding Excess Carbohydrates:

• Excessive carbohydrates, especially those found in sugary treats and grains, can contribute to the development of laminitis. These carbohydrates can lead to rapid fermentation in the hindgut, releasing toxins that damage the delicate blood vessels in the hooves.

2. Ensuring Adequate Fiber Intake:

• Fiber is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system and preventing laminitis. It slows down the release of sugars into the bloodstream, reducing the risk of overloading the hindgut with fermentable carbohydrates. Good sources of fiber include hay, straw, and pasture grasses.

3. Providing Adequate Protein:

• Protein is necessary for the production of keratin, a vital component of hooves. A lack of protein can weaken hooves and make them more susceptible to damage and inflammation.

4. Balancing Minerals:

• Minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, play important roles in hoof health. Ensuring a balanced intake of these minerals is crucial for maintaining strong and healthy hooves.

5. Providing Adequate Vitamins:

• Vitamins, particularly biotin and niacin, are essential for蹄甲health. Biotin supports the production of keratin, while niacin helps improve blood flow to the hooves.

By following these nutritional guidelines, you can significantly reduce the risk of developing laminitis in your donkeys. Remember to consult with your veterinarian to determine the most appropriate diet for your animals based on their individual needs and health conditions.

Highlight the role of proper nutrition in preventing laminitis

Preventing Laminitis: The Importance of Proper Nutrition

Proper nutrition plays a pivotal role in preventing laminitis, a debilitating condition that affects donkeys’ hooves. Understanding the nutritional needs of donkeys and providing them with an appropriate diet is essential for maintaining their well-being and preventing this painful ailment.

A Balanced Diet

The foundation of a healthy diet for donkeys lies in providing them with high-quality hay and pasture. These sources offer ample roughage, which is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system and promoting proper digestion. Adding small amounts of a balanced grain mix can supplement their diet, providing additional nutrients and energy.

Limiting Sugars

Excess sugar intake is a significant risk factor for laminitis. Sugars rapidly ferment in the hindgut, producing toxins that damage the sensitive structures within the hooves. Therefore, it’s crucial to limit sugary treats and avoid grazing on pastures with high sugar content.

Monitoring Weight

Maintaining a healthy weight is another vital aspect of laminitis prevention. Overweight or obese donkeys are more prone to developing this condition. Regularly monitoring their weight and adjusting their diet accordingly can help prevent excessive weight gain.

Providing Minerals

Certain minerals, such as zinc, biotin, and methionine, play essential roles in hoof health. Ensuring that donkeys have access to these minerals through their diet or supplements can help promote strong and healthy hooves.

Considering Individual Needs

Every donkey may have specific nutritional requirements based on their age, activity level, and underlying health conditions. It’s important to consult with a veterinarian or equine nutritionist to develop an individualized diet that meets the unique needs of your donkey.

By adhering to these nutritional guidelines, you can significantly reduce the risk of laminitis in your donkeys. Providing them with a balanced and healthy diet is a proactive measure that safeguards their well-being and ensures their continued enjoyment of life.

Hoof Care and Maintenance: The Unsung Heroes in Preventing Laminitis

Regular hoof trimming and protection play a crucial role in preventing laminitis by maintaining proper foot balance and reducing the strain on the hoof lamellae. Just as a gardener meticulously nurtures their plants, donkeys’ hooves require constant attention to ensure their well-being.

Trimming Techniques: The Art of Hoof Sculpting

Regular hoof trimming helps remove excess hoof material, ensuring an even distribution of weight. Skilled farriers use specialized tools to sculpt the hoof, ensuring that the heels, walls, and sole are balanced. A well-trimmed hoof allows for proper weight distribution, reducing pressure on the laminae and minimizing the risk of laminitis.

Protective Measures: Shielding Hooves from the Elements

Donkeys often spend their days in pastures or terrains that can be hard on their hooves. Protective measures like hoof boots or pads provide a cushion against uneven ground, moisture, and extreme temperatures. These protective measures help prevent hoof cracks, bruising, and excessive wear, which can all contribute to laminitis.

The Power of Cleanliness: Maintaining Hoof Hygiene

Maintaining clean hooves is vital. Regularly removing dirt, debris, and bacteria helps prevent infections that can weaken the hoof wall and compromise its integrity. Regular hoof washes using mild soap and water, followed by thorough drying, promote healthy hooves and minimize the risk of laminitis-causing infections.

By adhering to these hoof care and maintenance practices, you empower your donkey with strong, resilient hooves that can withstand the challenges of their environment and reduce the likelihood of developing painful and debilitating laminitis.

Laminitis in Donkeys: A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding Laminitis

Laminitis is a serious condition that can affect donkeys, causing inflammation and damage to the sensitive tissues inside the hoof. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including obesity, sudden changes in diet, and hoof injuries.

Recognizing and Diagnosing Laminitis

The clinical signs of laminitis in donkeys can include:

• Abnormally wide stance
• Reluctance to move
• Warm or hot hooves
• Increased digital pulse
• Pain when pressure is applied to the hooves

If you suspect your donkey may have laminitis, ****seek veterinary attention immediately****. Your veterinarian will use various diagnostic methods, such as imaging tests and hoof examinations, to confirm the diagnosis. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and management.

Treating and Managing Laminitis

Treating laminitis involves addressing the underlying cause and providing supportive care to reduce inflammation and pain. Treatment options may include:

• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Restricted diet
• Hoof casts or shoes
• Controlled exercise

The prognosis for donkeys with laminitis depends on the severity and cause of the condition, as well as the donkey’s overall health and age.

Preventing and Controlling Laminitis

Preventing laminitis in donkeys is essential for their well-being. Proper nutritional management is crucial, as sudden changes in diet and excessive intake of high-carbohydrate feeds can increase the risk of laminitis.

Regular hoof care and maintenance is also important. Trimming hooves on a regular basis helps prevent overgrowth and uneven wear, which can contribute to laminitis. Additionally, providing appropriate exercise allows donkeys to maintain healthy hooves and reduce the likelihood of weight-related issues.

By following these preventive measures, you can help your donkey lead a healthy and happy life, free from the debilitating effects of laminitis.