Understanding Down Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, And Management
Down syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, affects physical and cognitive development. Common physical characteristics include short stature, microcephaly, and dysmorphic features. Intellectual disability, autistic-like behaviors, and attention deficit are typical cognitive and behavioral challenges. Congenital health conditions such as heart defects and gastrointestinal abnormalities are often present. Speech and language difficulties, reduced life expectancy, and medical management are important considerations. Early intervention, special education, social support, and genetic counseling play vital roles in supporting individuals with Down syndrome and their families.